In class, I have jokingly stated that digital logic and systems are easy.  All you need to worry about is bits and 0’s and 1’s.  The reality is different with you start thinking about the breadth and extent of real life data processing problem.  In this context the organization of the information is essential to being able to solve these problems.  Coupled with the mathematical systems for working with these structures, organizing collections of bits to represent numbers forms the basis for building the data processing systems.  Organizing bits to represent numbers forms the basis for building most data processing systems.

Here, several common ways for organizing bits into binary numbers are provided:

1. Unsigned Number Representation
2. Converting Between Different Number Bases
3. Sign-Magnitude Number Representation
4. One’s Complement Number Representation
5. Two’s Complement Number Representation
6. Excess Number Representation
7. Floating Point Numbers